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版本:v7

ion-textarea

scoped

textarea 组件用于多行文本输入。组件内部会渲染一个原生的 textarea 元素。通过对原生 textarea 的控制,textarea 组件的用户体验和交互性得到了提升。

与原生 textarea 元素不同,Ionic 的 textarea 不支持从内部内容加载其值。textarea 的值应通过 value 属性设置。

textarea 组件除了支持 Ionic 属性外,还接受原生 textarea 属性

基本用法

标签

标签应用于描述 textarea。它们既可以在视觉上使用,也会在用户聚焦 textarea 时被屏幕阅读器朗读。这使得用户能够轻松理解 textarea 的用途。Textarea 提供了多种分配标签的方式:

  • label 属性:用于纯文本标签
  • label 插槽:用于自定义 HTML 标签(实验性功能)
  • aria-label:用于为屏幕阅读器提供标签,但不会添加可见标签

标签位置

默认情况下,标签将占据其内容的宽度。开发者可以使用 labelPlacement 属性来控制标签相对于控件的位置。

标签插槽(实验性)

虽然纯文本标签应通过 label 属性传递,但如果需要自定义 HTML,可以通过 label 插槽传递。

请注意,此功能被视为实验性功能,因为它依赖于Web 组件插槽的模拟版本。因此,模拟行为可能与原生插槽行为不完全匹配。

无可见标签

如果不需要可见标签,开发者仍应提供 aria-label,以便 textarea 能够被屏幕阅读器访问。

填充式文本输入框

Material Design 为 textarea 提供了填充样式。可以在 item 上将 fill 属性设置为 "solid""outline"

由于 fill 样式在视觉上定义了 textarea 容器,因此使用 fill 的 textarea 不应在 ion-item 中使用。

通过在 textarea 上将 mode 设置为 md,可以在 iOS 上使用填充式 textarea。

辅助文本与错误文本

辅助文本和错误文本可以通过 helperTexterrorText 属性在 textarea 内部使用。除非将 ion-invalidion-touched 类添加到 ion-textarea,否则错误文本不会显示。这确保了在用户有机会输入数据之前不会显示错误。

在 Angular 中,这是通过表单验证自动完成的。在 JavaScript、React 和 Vue 中,需要根据你自己的验证手动添加该类。

文本输入框计数器

textarea 计数器是显示在 textarea 下方的文本,用于通知用户已输入的字符数占 textarea 可接受字符总数的比例。添加计数器时,默认行为是将显示的值格式化为 inputLength / maxLength。可以通过向 counterFormatter 属性传递格式化函数来自定义此行为。

自动增长

autoGrow 属性设置为 true 时,textarea 将根据其内容自动增长和收缩。

编辑时清除

clearOnEdit 属性设置为 true 将在 textarea 失去焦点后再次键入时清除其内容。

起始和结束插槽(实验性)

startend 插槽可用于在 textarea 的任一侧放置图标、按钮或前缀/后缀文本。

请注意,此功能被视为实验性功能,因为它依赖于Web 组件插槽的模拟版本。因此,模拟行为可能与原生插槽行为不完全匹配。

备注

在大多数情况下,放置在这些插槽中的图标组件应具有 aria-hidden="true"。有关更多信息,请参阅图标无障碍性文档

如果插槽内容需要交互,应将其包装在交互式元素中,例如按钮。这确保了内容可以通过 Tab 键访问。

从旧版 Textarea 语法迁移

Ionic 7.0 引入了更简洁的 textarea 语法。这种新语法减少了设置 textarea 所需的样板代码,解决了无障碍性问题,并改善了开发者体验。

开发者可以一次迁移一个 textarea。虽然开发者可以继续使用旧版语法,但我们建议尽快迁移。

使用现代语法

使用现代语法涉及三个步骤:

  1. 移除 ion-label,改为在 ion-textarea 上使用 label 属性。可以使用 ion-textarea 上的 labelPlacement 属性配置标签位置。
  2. 将 textarea 特定的属性从 ion-item 移动到 ion-textarea 上。这包括 countercounterFormatterfillshape 属性。
  3. 移除 ion-item 上对 helpererror 插槽的使用,改为使用 ion-textarea 上的 helperTexterrorText 属性。
<!-- 标签与标签位置 -->

<!-- 之前 -->
<ion-item>
<ion-label position="floating">标签:</ion-label>
<ion-textarea></ion-textarea>
</ion-item>

<!-- 之后 -->
<ion-item>
<ion-textarea label="标签:" label-placement="floating"></ion-textarea>
</ion-item>


<!-- 填充模式 -->

<!-- 之前 -->
<ion-item fill="outline" shape="round">
<ion-label position="floating">标签:</ion-label>
<ion-textarea></ion-textarea>
</ion-item>

<!-- 之后 -->

<!-- 使用 `fill` 属性的 Textarea 不应放在 ion-item 中 -->
<ion-textarea fill="outline" shape="round" label="标签:" label-placement="floating"></ion-textarea>

<!-- ion-item 上的 Textarea 特有功能 -->

<!-- 之前 -->
<ion-item counter="true">
<ion-label position="floating">标签:</ion-label>
<ion-textarea maxlength="100"></ion-textarea>
<div slot="helper">输入文本</div>
<div slot="error">请输入文本</div>
</ion-item>

<!-- 之后 -->

<!--
当 textarea 位于 item/list 中时,不应使用计数器、帮助文本等元数据。
如需为 textarea 提供更多上下文,可考虑在 ion-list 下方使用 ion-note。
-->

<ion-textarea
label="标签:"
counter="true"
maxlength="100"
helper-text="输入文本"
error-text="请输入文本"
></ion-textarea>

使用旧版语法

Ionic 使用启发式方法检测应用是否使用现代 textarea 语法。在某些情况下,可能更倾向于继续使用旧版语法。开发者可以将 ion-textarea 上的 legacy 属性设置为 true,以强制该 textarea 实例使用旧版语法。

主题定制

接口

TextareaChangeEventDetail

interface TextareaChangeEventDetail {
value?: string | null;
}

TextareaCustomEvent

虽然不是必需的,但可以使用此接口替代 CustomEvent 接口,以便对此组件发出的 Ionic 事件进行更强的类型检查。

interface TextareaCustomEvent extends CustomEvent {
detail: TextareaChangeEventDetail;
target: HTMLIonTextareaElement;
}

属性

autoGrow

DescriptionIf true, the textarea container will grow and shrink based on the contents of the textarea.
Attributeauto-grow
Typeboolean
Defaultfalse

autocapitalize

DescriptionIndicates whether and how the text value should be automatically capitalized as it is entered/edited by the user. Available options: "off", "none", "on", "sentences", "words", "characters".
Attributeautocapitalize
Typestring
Default'none'

autofocus

DescriptionSets the autofocus attribute on the native input element.

This may not be sufficient for the element to be focused on page load. See managing focus for more information.
Attributeautofocus
Typeboolean
Defaultfalse

clearOnEdit

DescriptionIf true, the value will be cleared after focus upon edit.
Attributeclear-on-edit
Typeboolean
Defaultfalse

color

DescriptionThe color to use from your application's color palette. Default options are: "primary", "secondary", "tertiary", "success", "warning", "danger", "light", "medium", and "dark". For more information on colors, see theming.
Attributecolor
Type"danger" | "dark" | "light" | "medium" | "primary" | "secondary" | "success" | "tertiary" | "warning" | string | undefined
Defaultundefined

cols

DescriptionThe visible width of the text control, in average character widths. If it is specified, it must be a positive integer.
Attributecols
Typenumber | undefined
Defaultundefined

counter

DescriptionIf true, a character counter will display the ratio of characters used and the total character limit. Developers must also set the maxlength property for the counter to be calculated correctly.
Attributecounter
Typeboolean
Defaultfalse

counterFormatter

DescriptionA callback used to format the counter text. By default the counter text is set to "itemLength / maxLength".

See https://ionicframework.com/docs/troubleshooting/runtime#accessing-this if you need to access this from within the callback.
Attributeundefined
Type((inputLength: number, maxLength: number) => string) | undefined
Defaultundefined

debounce

DescriptionSet the amount of time, in milliseconds, to wait to trigger the ionInput event after each keystroke.
Attributedebounce
Typenumber | undefined
Defaultundefined

disabled

DescriptionIf true, the user cannot interact with the textarea.
Attributedisabled
Typeboolean
Defaultfalse

enterkeyhint

DescriptionA hint to the browser for which enter key to display. Possible values: "enter", "done", "go", "next", "previous", "search", and "send".
Attributeenterkeyhint
Type"done" | "enter" | "go" | "next" | "previous" | "search" | "send" | undefined
Defaultundefined

errorText

DescriptionText that is placed under the textarea and displayed when an error is detected.
Attributeerror-text
Typestring | undefined
Defaultundefined

fill

DescriptionThe fill for the item. If "solid" the item will have a background. If "outline" the item will be transparent with a border. Only available in md mode.
Attributefill
Type"outline" | "solid" | undefined
Defaultundefined

helperText

DescriptionText that is placed under the textarea and displayed when no error is detected.
Attributehelper-text
Typestring | undefined
Defaultundefined

inputmode

DescriptionA hint to the browser for which keyboard to display. Possible values: "none", "text", "tel", "url", "email", "numeric", "decimal", and "search".
Attributeinputmode
Type"decimal" | "email" | "none" | "numeric" | "search" | "tel" | "text" | "url" | undefined
Defaultundefined

label

DescriptionThe visible label associated with the textarea.

Use this if you need to render a plaintext label.

The label property will take priority over the label slot if both are used.
Attributelabel
Typestring | undefined
Defaultundefined

labelPlacement

DescriptionWhere to place the label relative to the textarea. "start": The label will appear to the left of the textarea in LTR and to the right in RTL. "end": The label will appear to the right of the textarea in LTR and to the left in RTL. "floating": The label will appear smaller and above the textarea when the textarea is focused or it has a value. Otherwise it will appear on top of the textarea. "stacked": The label will appear smaller and above the textarea regardless even when the textarea is blurred or has no value. "fixed": The label has the same behavior as "start" except it also has a fixed width. Long text will be truncated with ellipses ("...").
Attributelabel-placement
Type"end" | "fixed" | "floating" | "stacked" | "start"
Default'start'

legacy

DescriptionSet the legacy property to true to forcibly use the legacy form control markup. Ionic will only opt components in to the modern form markup when they are using either the aria-label attribute or the default slot that contains the label text. As a result, the legacy property should only be used as an escape hatch when you want to avoid this automatic opt-in behavior. Note that this property will be removed in an upcoming major release of Ionic, and all form components will be opted-in to using the modern form markup.
Attributelegacy
Typeboolean | undefined
Defaultundefined

maxlength

DescriptionThis attribute specifies the maximum number of characters that the user can enter.
Attributemaxlength
Typenumber | undefined
Defaultundefined

minlength

DescriptionThis attribute specifies the minimum number of characters that the user can enter.
Attributeminlength
Typenumber | undefined
Defaultundefined

mode

DescriptionThe mode determines which platform styles to use.

This is a virtual property that is set once during initialization and will not update if you change its value after the initial render.
Attributemode
Type"ios" | "md"
Defaultundefined

name

DescriptionThe name of the control, which is submitted with the form data.
Attributename
Typestring
Defaultthis.inputId

placeholder

DescriptionInstructional text that shows before the input has a value.
Attributeplaceholder
Typestring | undefined
Defaultundefined

readonly

DescriptionIf true, the user cannot modify the value.
Attributereadonly
Typeboolean
Defaultfalse

required

DescriptionIf true, the user must fill in a value before submitting a form.
Attributerequired
Typeboolean
Defaultfalse

rows

DescriptionThe number of visible text lines for the control.
Attributerows
Typenumber | undefined
Defaultundefined

shape

DescriptionThe shape of the textarea. If "round" it will have an increased border radius.
Attributeshape
Type"round" | undefined
Defaultundefined

spellcheck

DescriptionIf true, the element will have its spelling and grammar checked.
Attributespellcheck
Typeboolean
Defaultfalse

value

DescriptionThe value of the textarea.
Attributevalue
Typenull | string | undefined
Default''

wrap

DescriptionIndicates how the control wraps text.
Attributewrap
Type"hard" | "off" | "soft" | undefined
Defaultundefined

事件

NameDescriptionBubbles
ionBlurEmitted when the input loses focus.true
ionChangeThe ionChange event is fired when the user modifies the textarea's value. Unlike the ionInput event, the ionChange event is fired when the element loses focus after its value has been modified.true
ionFocusEmitted when the input has focus.true
ionInputThe ionInput event is fired each time the user modifies the textarea's value. Unlike the ionChange event, the ionInput event is fired for each alteration to the textarea's value. This typically happens for each keystroke as the user types.

When clearOnEdit is enabled, the ionInput event will be fired when the user clears the textarea by performing a keydown event.
true

方法

getInputElement

DescriptionReturns the native <textarea> element used under the hood.
SignaturegetInputElement() => Promise<HTMLTextAreaElement>

setFocus

DescriptionSets focus on the native textarea in ion-textarea. Use this method instead of the global textarea.focus().

See managing focus for more information.
SignaturesetFocus() => Promise<void>

CSS Shadow Parts

No CSS shadow parts available for this component.

CSS 自定义属性

NameDescription
--backgroundBackground of the textarea
--border-colorColor of the border below the textarea when using helper text, error text, or counter
--border-radiusBorder radius of the textarea
--border-styleStyle of the border below the textarea when using helper text, error text, or counter
--border-widthWidth of the border below the textarea when using helper text, error text, or counter
--colorColor of the text
--highlight-color-focusedThe color of the highlight on the textarea when focused
--highlight-color-invalidThe color of the highlight on the textarea when invalid
--highlight-color-validThe color of the highlight on the textarea when valid
--padding-bottomBottom padding of the textarea
--padding-endRight padding if direction is left-to-right, and left padding if direction is right-to-left of the textarea
--padding-startLeft padding if direction is left-to-right, and right padding if direction is right-to-left of the textarea
--padding-topTop padding of the textarea
--placeholder-colorColor of the placeholder text
--placeholder-font-styleStyle of the placeholder text
--placeholder-font-weightWeight of the placeholder text
--placeholder-opacityOpacity of the placeholder text

插槽

NameDescription
endContent to display at the trailing edge of the textarea. (EXPERIMENTAL)
labelThe label text to associate with the textarea. Use the labelPlacement property to control where the label is placed relative to the textarea. Use this if you need to render a label with custom HTML. (EXPERIMENTAL)
startContent to display at the leading edge of the textarea. (EXPERIMENTAL)